Author: Shivam Tiwari

DevTools at Scale: Hard-Won Lessons on PMF, AI, and Culture from Apple, AWS, Microsoft

Building and scaling DevTools has taught me that world-class culture and relentless product focus are non-negotiable. Drawing on experiences across Amazon, Apple, and Microsoft—and hard-won lessons from startups like Unblocked and Buddybuild—I’m sharing the principles I rely on to ship great developer products at scale.

Why building for developers is different: developers are discerning, allergic to friction, and quick to churn if the DX isn’t exceptional. That means fast setup, clear docs, ergonomic APIs, sane defaults, and deep integrations with GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket, Confluence, AWS, and Microsoft Azure.

I benchmark teams against gold-standard platforms like Stripe, Twilio, and Looker—tools that reward mastery, never bury the lede, and make success observable in minutes, not days.

From the early days of Buddybuild, the signal was unmistakable: remove toil from CI/CD, shorten feedback loops, and teams will expand usage without a sales nudge. The pattern holds across DevTools: when time-to-value approaches zero, the product sells itself.

Early signs of product market fit: organic team-to-team adoption, repeatable setup success, contribution from power users, and inbound demand you cannot keep up with. When these show up, “Why great product is everything” stops sounding like a platitude and starts reading like a P&L.

Monetizing product market fit is straightforward if you align value and pricing units. Seat-based maps to collaboration; usage-based maps to compute, API calls, or storage; hybrid models reduce edge-case friction. Keep the packaging simple and double down on “The power of positioning.”

AI is complicating product market fit. Gen AI accelerates gen ai for product prototyping, but it also introduces instability: model drift, hallucinations, and evaluation blind spots. I build an evaluation harness, human-in-the-loop review for risky flows, and a clear customer support ai strategy before scaling.

Being customer-obsessed is the moat. I embed forward deployed engineers with key customers to translate real workflows into product decisions, close the empathy gap, and validate behavior in production environments.

On decision-making, I blend product discovery with crisp documents and measurable bets: PRFAQs or design docs to clarify intent, guardrails in analytics, and outcomes vs output OKRs to keep teams aligned to impact.

Unblocked, a developer tool that lets you talk to your codebase, points toward a future where code search, context, and refactoring converge into conversational workflows. I’m bullish on the pattern, but I stay sober about failure modes and cost-to-serve.

Here’s my cautious take on AI: latency, privacy, and provenance matter as much as model quality. The best teams treat prompts as product, training data as liability, and evaluation as a first-class release gate.

Hiring is where many teams stumble. Don’t over-index on competency when hiring. I optimize for learning velocity, ownership, and kindness under pressure. Competency scales output; character scales organizations.

As a second-time founder and operator, I treat mental health like uptime. I schedule recovery, define non-negotiables, and surround myself with peers who normalize the hard days. Burnout is a systems failure, not an individual weakness.

I don’t do demos. I prefer self-serve trials with instrumented onboarding, sample projects, and guardrails that let the product do the talking. If a prospect can’t succeed in 15 minutes, we fix the product, not the deck.

On customer feedback, I separate noise from signal with cohorts and context. I prioritize requests that reduce time-to-value, unblock integrations, or meaningfully expand the surface area of successful use cases. That’s how to deal with customer feedback without losing strategic focus.

To build and scale DevTools, keep the bar high and the loop tight: ship small, watch usage, learn fast. Invest in platform reliability, rock-solid SDKs and CLIs, and a developer experience that earns trust release after release.

Resources and touchstones I revisit often:

Apple’s acquisition of Buddybuild: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/02/apple-agrees-to-buy-buddybuild.html

AWS: https://aws.amazon.com

Bitbucket: https://bitbucket.org

Confluence: https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence

GitHub: https://github.com

GitLab: https://gitlab.com

Looker: https://looker.com

Microsoft Azure: https://azure.microsoft.com

Stewart Butterfield: https://www.linkedin.com/in/butterfield/

Stripe: https://stripe.com

Twilio: https://twilio.com

Unblocked: https://getunblocked.com/

If you’re building for developers, stay ruthless about simplicity, respectful of their time, and obsessed with proof in production. That’s how durable product-market fit is earned—and monetized.

October 20, 2025
A Masterclass in Founder Conviction: Gong’s $100m ARR, PMF Breakthroughs, and AI Sales

I’ve long believed that true product leadership is measured by conviction you can defend with data. That’s why the story of Gong resonates so deeply with me. Eilon Reshef is the co-founder and CPO at Gong, an AI-powered platform that tracks, records, and analyzes sales calls to drive revenue growth. In 2021, Gong raised $250M at a $7.25B valuation. Gong was one of the fastest SaaS companies to hit $100m ARR, and now has over 4000 customers. Before Gong, Eilon sold his previous e-commerce startup, Webcollage. Why does this matter to product creators like us? Because betting on recording sales calls wasn’t a popular opinion at the time—it was a bold thesis about conversation data as the primary system of record for revenue. The insight was simple and powerful: conversations are the most unstructured and under-utilized signal in B2B sales. Capture them end-to-end, analyze them with AI, and you unlock repeatable sales execution at scale. I was bullish on this category early for the same reason: recording sales calls converts ephemeral “tribal knowledge” into searchable, coachable truth. That enables better product discovery, sharper positioning, and tighter feedback loops between go-to-market and product—even more so as gen ai capabilities matured. Early product-market fit signals were unmistakable: persistent usage by frontline reps, managers organically building coaching rituals around insights, and executives tying outcomes to pipeline velocity and win rates. The emergence of “raving fans” wasn’t a vanity metric—it was the leading indicator that the product was changing behavior and embedding into daily workflows. Keeping the beta lean was crucial. Instead of building a feature buffet, the focus stayed on a few, high-utility workflows that consistently delivered value in the wild. In my own teams, we mirror this with forward deployed engineers and a tight set of design partners who are willing to co-develop, tolerate rough edges, and trade early access for tangible impact. Design partners, when chosen well, become your reality check and your accelerant. Their hardest problems guide prioritization; their workflows reveal where friction truly lives. This is where outcomes vs output OKRs matter—measuring behavior change and revenue outcomes, not just shipped features. The initial demo reactions often sounded like a referendum on change management: legal concerns about recording, rep discomfort, or doubts about AI accuracy. Strong founder conviction met these with data and empathy—clear consent frameworks, rapid improvements in transcription and modeling, and, most importantly, undeniable win stories that reframed risk as opportunity. Monetization followed the value. Pricing and packaging worked best when buyers could connect usage directly to measurable outcomes: faster ramp, better forecast accuracy, higher conversion rates, and more consistent deal execution. With a land-and-expand motion, teams saw success at the manager pod level before scaling across the org. I appreciated the disciplined approach to the roadmap. A unique product roadmap framework anchored on durable customer outcomes created internal clarity: which insights change coaching, which recommendations change behavior, and which automations remove repetitive work. This is classic product management leadership—create alignment with narrative, evidence, and a few high-conviction bets. The journey to multi-product was a natural extension of product-market fit. Start with conversation intelligence; expand to adjacent revenue workflows where the same data asset offers compounding value—forecasting, deal risk, enablement, and coaching. The throughline: one trusted data layer, many value surfaces. Having built AI products since 2015, I’ve learned to prioritize data quality, model reliability, and tight human-in-the-loop design. The best gen ai experiences pair high-recall analysis with opinionated UX that guides managers and reps to take the next best action. That’s how you turn insights into habits. Looking ahead, the future of AI in B2B sales efficiency is practical autonomy: assistants that summarize calls, draft follow-ups, update CRM fields, flag risks, and trigger playbooks—without adding workflow friction. The winners will combine precision models, secure data handling, and workflow-native delivery. Measuring success goes beyond dashboard vanity. What matters: adoption depth across roles, coaching frequency, deal cycle time, conversion lift, forecast accuracy, and the creation of “raving fans” who advocate internally and externally. When the product becomes the backbone of pipeline conversations, you’ve crossed the line from tool to system. I also see enduring relevance in foundational thinking like Crossing the Chasm. It explains why design partner fit precedes market fit, why early majority buyers demand social proof, and why operational excellence matters as much as product insight during hypergrowth. If you want to explore the broader ecosystem and resources mentioned, here are the references exactly as noted: Act-On Software: https://act-on.com/ Amit Bendov: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amitbendov/ BlueJeans: https://www.bluejeans.com/ Crossing the Chasm: https://www.amazon.com/Crossing-Chasm-3rd-Geoffrey-Moore/dp/0062292986 Gong: https://www.gong.io/ Mistral: https://mistral.ai/ OpenAI: https://openai.com/ Salesforce: https://salesforce.com/ Webcollage: https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/webcollage Webex: https://www.webex.com/ Zoom: https://zoom.us/ Where to find Eilon Reshef: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eilonreshef/ For product leaders, the takeaways are clear: anchor on customer outcomes, cultivate design partners who become co-authors of your roadmap, use gen ai for product prototyping to accelerate discovery, and measure conviction not by opinions but by repeatable revenue impact. That is the essence of durable, product-market fit lessons you can operationalize today.

October 20, 2025
Build Platforms, Not Apps: My Playbook to Delight Customers and Scale Product Strategy

I’ve been reflecting on the product lessons behind a career arc that has reshaped multiple industries. Adam Nash is the co-founder and CEO at Daffy, a platform that makes it easier to donate to charities and non-profits. Before Daffy, Adam was the President and CEO at Wealthfront, where he scaled the company’s assets under management from $100M to over $4B. Adam has also held leadership and technical roles at Dropbox, LinkedIn, eBay, and Apple. As a VP of Product Management, I see enduring patterns in these experiences that every product creator can apply. Over the last decade, many teams have felt that the world is less disruptive than expected. In my view, this “slowness” is less about a lack of innovation and more about the compounding dominance of distribution and platform effects. When platforms harden, apps struggle to break through. That’s why I coach my teams to design for platform leverage from day one—assume the game is about ecosystems, not just features—and to build product discovery loops that create new access, not just new interfaces. We’ve also tended to think about luck incorrectly. What looks like luck is often preparation meeting a catalyzing platform moment. The most resilient companies build the capacity to take advantage of inflection points when they arrive—technically, organizationally, and with a clear point of view on where customer value is migrating. This is product management leadership in practice: orchestrating readiness for the inevitable change while staying grounded in outcomes vs output OKRs. Consider how eBay survived the dot com bubble. The lesson I carry forward is simple but powerful: when your core product creates real network utility and trust, shocks can prune the market and strengthen your position. Liquidity, clear incentives, and disciplined execution make a marketplace anti-fragile. I’ve applied this mindset by prioritizing durability over novelty, especially in critical user flows where reliability trumps speed of iteration. Founders should build platforms, not apps. Platforms create compounding advantages: data network effects, extensibility, and a value surface that invites others to build with you. Apps often cap out at feature parity; platforms unlock a persistent widening of the moat. My test: if your roadmap doesn’t include APIs, a partner strategy, and a value-creation flywheel that improves with every user and contributor, you’re likely shipping an app. If it does, you’re on a platform path. What made LinkedIn successful offers a crisp strategy lesson: good company strategy = good product strategy. When the company’s mission, business model, and product bets align around a clear customer job-to-be-done, execution accelerates. Setting strategy isn’t a document; it’s a cascade of decisions that translates into what we ship, how we measure, and which trade-offs we make. In 2009, that meant focusing on the highest-leverage network use cases and aligning metrics with durable member and ecosystem value. Not every great idea finds its market on the first try. Why KaChing didn’t work and pivoting to Wealthfront underscores core product-market fit lessons: you can’t will a market into existence, but you can iterate into it if you listen to customer behavior, not just customer requests. One universal lesson on customer acquisition I’ve seen repeatedly: the most efficient growth happens when the product itself reduces anxiety and increases clarity at the precise moment of decision. That’s why I treat growth like a product problem—friction maps, value timing, and onboarding narratives are as strategic as any feature release. Leadership transitions are inevitable in growing companies. My advice on successful leadership transitions is to plan them early, be explicit about decision rights, and make “how we decide” a visible artifact across the org. How to delegate moral authority is just as critical as delegating operational authority; teams move faster when they understand not only what to do, but why it is the right thing to do for customers and the company. There’s a real problem with metrics and customer requests when they become the only signals that matter. Metrics are rear-view mirrors and customer requests are often local optima. The craft is to synthesize signals into convictions—and then to earn trust by shipping the right things. Apple’s approach to “delighting” customers is a reminder that delight is not random whimsy; it’s a disciplined practice of removing cognitive load and amplifying emotion at key moments. I use the 70/20/10 rule you’ve never heard about to balance roadmaps: 70% on core commitments, 20% on accelerants, 10% on bold, “delight” experiments. How Daffy ships “delight features” shows how even financial and charitable products can surprise and delight without sacrificing clarity or compliance. Here’s the playbook I carry forward: build platforms, not apps; align company strategy with product strategy; treat growth as a product problem; make leadership transitions a strength, not a risk; and systematize delight so it shows up predictably, not accidentally. Above all, keep your OKRs centered on outcomes, not outputs, and let product discovery be the engine that finds truth faster. Referenced resources I keep handy for deeper study: Andy Rachleff: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rachleff/ Bill Gates: https://www.linkedin.com/in/williamhgates/ Daffy: https://www.daffy.org/ Daffy’s 2023 Year in Review: https://www.daffy.org/resources/year-in-review-2023 eBay: https://www.ebay.com/ Jeff Weiner: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffweiner08/ Reid Hoffman: https://www.linkedin.com/in/reidhoffman/ Robinhood: https://robinhood.com/ Ryan Roslansky: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ryanroslansky/ The Innovator’s Dilemma: https://www.amazon.com/Innovators-Dilemma-Clayton-M-Christensen/dp/0062060244 Tim Cook: https://www.apple.com/leadership/tim-cook/ Wealthfront: https://www.wealthfront.com/

October 20, 2025
Build Enduring Software: Minimum Remarkable Products, Customer-First Culture, and Org Design Lessons

Some software companies endure and compound while others flash and fade. As a product leader, I’m constantly studying why, and I keep returning to a set of timeless principles that bridge strategy, culture, and execution. In this personal reflection, I synthesize lessons that help teams build software companies that last—and products customers love—while sharing how I apply them day to day. Alyssa Henry is the former CEO of Square, a financial services company providing products and services used by over 4 million merchants. Formerly at Amazon, Alyssa led the development and growth of Simple Storage Service (S3) at AWS. Alyssa now serves as an Independent Director at Intel and Confluent. Here’s the lens I use to unpack durable product leadership: Lessons from Amazon, Microsoft, and Square; “Minimum Remarkable Products” versus Minimum Viable Products; Navigating different work cultures in big tech; Insider reactions to the disruptive launch of AWS; “Pioneer” versus “fast-follower” companies. Across companies and stages, I’ve found “Noticeable consistencies in the human condition” that matter far more than we admit: people seek meaning, clarity, and momentum. “Differences in culture at Amazon, Microsoft and Square” are real, but the constants are trust, ownership, and a shared definition of excellence. When those are explicit, performance scales; when they’re implicit, friction compounds. One lesson that’s both provocative and practical is why “customers come first,” even above employees and community. In my teams, this doesn’t license burnout or disregard for stakeholders; it creates a north star that aligns trade-offs. We use customer impact as the tie-breaker, and we protect teams with smart scoping, pacing, and support. It’s also why “Why fast-followers can be less customer-focused” resonates—if your compass is your competitor, you’ll under-index on original customer insight. On product craft, I favor “Minimum Remarkable Products” versus Minimum Viable Products. Viable ships; remarkable endures. “Building Minimal Remarkable Products at Square” highlights the bar: a crisp, opinionated slice that is usable, lovable, and unmistakably on-brand. To get there, we obsess over the first-use moment, default choices, and the shortest path to value. Then we “How to scale an aesthetic” without creating a design monoculture—by codifying principles, not just patterns. Companies that last operationalize culture. “The importance of effective communication systems” can’t be overstated: single sources of truth, clear decision records, and explicit ownership reduce entropy. Next, “How to operationalize company values” means translating beliefs into behaviors (interview rubrics, launch checklists, escalation paths). Finally, “Why shared beliefs are crucial for good company culture” reminds me to ask: do our rituals reward the behaviors we claim to value? Org design is strategy in slow motion. From “Org design lessons from Square,” I’ve learned to align structure to the customer journey and the business model, not to personalities. “How to align different teams behind business priorities” requires ruthless clarity on outcomes, not tasks—this is where outcomes vs output OKRs keep us honest. When incentives, metrics, and roadmaps point at the same target, coordination costs fall and velocity rises. Competition is the crucible for focus. “Lessons learned from fierce competition” taught me to pick our battles and compound strengths. The “fast follower” vs “pioneer” playbook isn’t binary; it’s a portfolio. Pioneer when you have a unique insight or distribution advantage; fast-follow when the category is proven but customer dissatisfaction remains high. Either way, anchor to the customer’s job-to-be-done. I’m also inspired by platform thinking at scale. “The original thinking behind AWS” and “The unlikely origin of Amazon CloudFront and other products” illustrate how small, well-defined primitives become ecosystems when coupled with relentless customer feedback. “How Jeff Bezos influenced Alyssa” underscores the power of mechanisms over slogans—leaders who institutionalize their bar raise everyone’s game. When joining a new company, I start with “Joining Square and “building a picture” of the org.” I map decision flows, interfaces, and dependencies before proposing changes. Then “Knowing what to replicate from past companies” and “Questioning norms in new companies” become complementary moves: borrow proven mechanisms, but stress-test assumptions against the current context. That’s how you avoid cargo culting and create fit-for-purpose systems. Timestamps: (00:00) Introduction; (02:20) Lessons from Microsoft and Amazon; (08:29) Noticeable consistencies in the human condition; (10:50) Differences in culture at Amazon, Microsoft and Square; (13:27) Why “customers come first,” even above employees and community; (14:01) Why fast-followers can be less customer-focused; (15:50) The challenge of commercializing research projects; (18:58) Joining Square and “building a picture” of the org; (24:55) Knowing what to replicate from past companies; (27:45) Questioning norms in new companies; (28:41) The importance of effective communication systems; (31:31) How to operationalize company values; (33:38) Why shared beliefs are crucial for good company culture; (37:05) Building Minimal Remarkable Products at Square; (38:13) How to scale an aesthetic; (42:46) Org design lessons from Square; (50:06) How to align different teams behind business priorities; (52:57) Lessons learned from fierce competition; (57:39) The “fast follower” vs “pioneer” playbook; (61:05) The original thinking behind AWS; (66:08) The unlikely origin of Amazon CloudFront and other products; (73:47) How Jeff Bezos influenced Alyssa. Referenced: Amazon: https://www.amazon.com; Amazon Web Services: https://aws.amazon.com; Bill Gates: https://www.linkedin.com/in/williamhgates; Block, Inc: https://block.xyz; Cash App: https://cash.app; Fast Company – Back To Square One: https://www.fastcompany.com/3033412/back-to-square-one; Gokul Rajaram: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gokulrajaram1; Jack Dorsey: https://twitter.com/Jack; James Hamilton: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jameshamilton4; Jeff Bezos: https://twitter.com/jeffbezos; Microsoft: https://www.microsoft.com; Oracle Corporation: https://www.oracle.com; Sarah Friar: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sarah-friar; Square: https://squareup.com; Tom Szkutak: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tom-szkutak-4b59817; WSJ – Mobile-Payments Startup Square Discusses Possible Sale: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303825604579513882989476424. If you lead product or aspire to, my challenge is simple: pick one mechanism to strengthen this week—tighten your communication system, raise your MRP bar, or sharpen your outcome metrics. Enduring companies are built the same way enduring products are: one remarkable, customer-centric decision at a time.

October 20, 2025
Leading Up, Down, and Across the Org: Hard-Won Lessons in Executive Effectiveness, Culture, and Speed

Effectiveness up and down the org chart isn’t about playing to every stakeholder—it’s about setting a clear bar, moving fast, and creating a culture that scales good judgment. Recently, I revisited a rich set of leadership insights drawn from the journey of a seasoned operator whose path runs through Rippling, Inkling, and Apple. Rippling, an all-in-one HR, IT, and finance platform for businesses, which last raised $500M at a $11.25B valuation. Before Rippling, Matt was the co-founder and CEO at Inkling, a mobile learning platform that was acquired in 2018. He also held several management roles at Apple.

Here are the themes I’ve internalized and applied in my own product management leadership practice: Lessons on culture, org-design, and product from Rippling; Characteristics of great CEOs; how to be a better executive leader; leading with kindness and impatience; and how to fight entropy. Each one ladders up to a practical playbook for leading across functions and layers with clarity and conviction.

Culture, org-design, and product execution are inseparable. I bias toward first principles thinking and clean lines of responsibility—small, accountable teams with unambiguous owners. When culture is clear, org design gets simpler, and product velocity increases. I’ve learned to articulate the non-negotiables (what “great” looks like) and to make tradeoffs explicit so teams can move without waiting for permission.

On CEO (and exec) craft, a few truths consistently show up in high performers: Great CEOs don’t worry about their weaknesses; they double down on their spike and build complementary teams around it. Why every great CEO is impatient: time kills options, learning, and morale. Yet the best leaders hold impatience in tension with kindness—high standards, delivered with respect. The result is the paradox many top executives describe: why execs are “tortured but happy.”

Fighting entropy is a core job of executive leadership. How executives fight entropy: instrument the business, shrink feedback loops, obsess over interfaces (between teams and systems), and reduce decision latency. Experience ≠ wisdom; unexamined repetition calcifies bad patterns. I look for leaders who can separate signal from noise, manage workplace politics without feeding it, and continuously refresh their mental models as the company scales.

Operationally, I’m unapologetic about dogfooding and financial hygiene. Why all businesses should dogfood: it builds empathy, surfaces edge cases, and accelerates product-market fit. Overseeing employee expenses isn’t micromanagement; it’s culture-setting around stewardship. The best CEOs don’t need coaching is a provocative line; my take is they actively coach themselves—by seeking disconfirming evidence, cultivating truth-tellers, and measuring outcomes. Beware the hidden cost of advice: misapplied pattern-matching and borrowed conviction can slow teams and erode accountability.

Hiring and interviewing are leverage points for culture. Don’t make this mistake when interviewing: over-indexing on brand names or “years of experience” without probing for first principles reasoning and rate of learning. I explicitly define anti-patterns (behaviors we do not hire for), then test for them. Finding first principles thinkers means asking for the derivation, not the conclusion; I want to see how candidates reduce ambiguity and navigate tradeoffs without relying on playbooks.

On outcomes and operating cadence, I keep the bar simple: clear direction, fast cycles, and measurable impact. Outcomes vs output OKRs is not a semantic debate; it’s a leadership stance. How I think about output: measure the rate of learning and the quality of decisions, not just the volume of launches. Rippling’s key leadership principle resonates with me: insist on clarity—of goals, ownership, interfaces, and timelines. Why kindness matters: people move faster when they feel safe telling the truth. Freeing yourself from self-doubt isn’t about bravado; it’s about anchoring to first principles, writing decisions down, and letting data—not anxiety—close the loop.

Referenced:

Andy Roddick: https://www.atptour.com/en/players/andy-roddick/r485/overview

Apple: https://www.apple.com

Bain & Company: https://www.bain.com/

Bill Campbell: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Campbell_(business_executive)

Conscious Business: https://www.amazon.com.au/Conscious-Business-Build-Value-Through/dp/1622032020

Google: https://www.google.com

Inkling: https://www.inkling.com/

McCaw Cellular: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCaw_Cellular_Communications

McKinsey: https://www.mckinsey.com/

Microsoft: https://www.microsoft.com

Oracle: https://www.oracle.com

Parker Conrad: https://www.linkedin.com/in/parkerconrad/

Peter Currie: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Currie_(businessman)

Rippling: https://www.rippling.com

The Effective Executive: https://www.amazon.com.au/Effective-Executive-Peter-Ferdinand-Drucker/dp/0060833459

Timestamps:

(00:00) Introduction

(02:14) Great CEOs don’t worry about their weaknesses

(06:31) The third-time founder mindset

(08:09) Why every great CEO is impatient

(11:54) How executives fight entropy

(19:11) Experience ≠ wisdom

(21:26) Managing workplace politics

(24:02) Why all businesses should dogfood

(26:20) Overseeing employee expenses

(27:43) The best CEOs don’t need coaching

(29:55) The hidden cost of advice

(40:40) Why execs are “tortured but happy”

(44:16) Clear versus first principles thinking

(51:09) Finding first principles thinkers

(53:13) Why people overcomplicate culture

(55:53) Don’t make this mistake when interviewing

(59:26) The importance of anti-patterns

(61:27) Important business values

(63:28) How Matt thinks about output

(66:33) Rippling’s key leadership principle

(71:02) Why kindness matters

(72:03) Freeing yourself from self-doubt

October 20, 2025
How Sentry Scaled DevTools to $100M ARR: My Playbook for PMF, B2D, and Packaging

I’m endlessly curious about how category-defining DevTools scale, cross chasms, and find product-market fit more than once. Few stories crystallize that arc better than Sentry’s recent momentum. The journey hits at the heart of what matters in product management leadership: developer obsession, disciplined packaging, and the courage to evolve your model as you scale. Milin Desai is the CEO at Sentry, an application monitoring tool for developers. Sentry has recently passed two key milestones: 100K customers and over $100M in ARR. Before Sentry, Milin was a GM at VMware and scaled their cloud networking into a billion-dollar business. Prior to stepping into leadership roles, Milin was a PM at Riverbed and a software engineer at Veritas. When I look at Sentry’s trajectory, I see two themes that separate enduring DevTools from the pack: Sentry’s developer-centric approach and the discipline to become the need, not the want. In practice, that means solving a daily, high-frequency pain with a crisp path to initial value, and then earning the right to expand by reducing toil, surfacing root cause faster, and integrating seamlessly into the developer workflow. This is also where “Sentry’s B2D model” shines. Developers don’t want to be sold to—they want tools that work with minimal friction, clear docs, and a pricing model that respects their usage patterns. The mantra to “Build for the many, not the few” pairs naturally with Building for the “Fortune 500,000”: design defaults and guardrails for the long tail, then let usage graduate into team and enterprise value. I’ve applied the same mindset in my own teams to unlock self-serve adoption without sacrificing governance or scale. From a go-to-market standpoint, the biggest unlock for me—and a lesson reinforced by VMware—is to Focus on packaging, not pricing. Lessons on pricing, packaging, and product from VMware translate directly to modern DevTools: segment by outcomes (workflow, team size, compliance) rather than by features alone; make upgrades obvious through natural usage thresholds; and tell a simple story that maps to how customers buy. Price becomes the byproduct of a clear packaging narrative. Leadership transitions matter, especially in founder-led companies. Joining Sentry as an external CEO can work brilliantly when the roles are explicit and the operating cadence is healthy. The CEO/founder relationship is strongest when there’s deep respect for the original product intuition and an equally strong mandate to scale what works. I’ve found that Forging successful relationships with founders starts with mutual clarity: who owns vision, who owns velocity, and how decisions get made when data is ambiguous. On product strategy, I resonated with the pragmatic stance on Open versus closed source product. What matters is trust, velocity, and fit with your distribution model. If open source accelerates awareness and credibility with developers, use it. If closed source is faster to iterate and aligns with customer security needs, do that. Either way, the bar is to keep Becoming the need, not the want by removing critical friction in the developer’s day. Scaling Sentry underscores a familiar pattern I coach teams on: instrument everything, shorten the feedback loop, and keep the “Hello, World!” moment under five minutes. The key ingredients to Sentry’s success translate broadly—tight product telemetry, opinionated defaults, and a packaging ladder that meets users where they are. These mechanics compound when supported by a crisp narrative that developers can explain to colleagues in one sentence. As products mature, The second product mindset becomes essential. After initial PMF, the next S-curve rarely arrives by piling on adjacent features. It comes from reframing the job-to-be-done for the broader team: moving from error monitoring to issues ownership, from signal to workflow, from tool to platform. That shift creates room for a Contrarian take on building for enterprise: earn enterprise by nailing the many. Enterprise credibility is the outcome of reliability, scale, and admin controls—not a separate product line too early. Here’s how I operationalize these lessons with my teams: start with developer-first onboarding; anchor packaging to outcomes and usage; harden governance and collaboration as natural upgrade paths; keep docs, SDKs, and integrations as product, not collateral; and measure time-to-value relentlessly. When we do that well, adoption expands organically, sales cycles compress, and customer love shows up in the metrics. In short, Sentry’s arc is a masterclass in disciplined, developer-led growth. For product leaders, the playbook is clear: build undeniable daily value, package it simply, and evolve your model as your users evolve. The rest is execution at every layer—product, pricing, platform, and people.

October 20, 2025
How I Build and Scale Winning Marketplaces: Demand, Supply, PMF, and Growth Loops

I’ve spent years building and scaling marketplaces and leading product teams through zero to one and one to many. Along the way, I’ve learned that winning marketplaces aren’t accidents—they’re engineered. In this first-person playbook, I break down what matters most, from the earliest choices that shape network effects to the growth loops that compound over time.
When I start working on a new marketplace, I focus on a few non-negotiables: the atomic unit of value (what gets exchanged and why), the liquidity threshold (how much density is enough to trigger repeat use), and the trust model (policies, payments, and reputation that prevent disintermediation). Marketplaces rise or fall on liquidity, selection quality, price transparency, and reliability—get those right early and everything else scales more predictably.
Marketplaces are different because they’re two-sided systems. They require careful sequencing of supply and demand, tight geographic or category focus to achieve density, and an operating model that remembers “the product is supply, not software.” I design the software to shape incentives and reduce friction, but I obsess over supply quality, responsiveness, and retention—because that’s what demand truly experiences.
Finding product market fit is about measurable liquidity, not anecdotes. I track time to first transaction, percentage of new users who transact within their first session or week, repeat purchase rates by cohort, and supplier utilization. I use the “setup, aha, and habit” framework to design activation: great onboarding (setup), a fast, undeniable first success (aha), and a path to reliable repetition (habit). When those three lock in, network effects start to work for you.
Scaling requires deliberate growth loops, not one-off channels. My go-to loops marry supply acquisition to demand creation: content/SEO loops (inventory generates pages that attract demand, which attracts more inventory), referral loops (happy suppliers bring peers, happy buyers bring friends), and performance loops (paid channels that are unit-economically profitable due to high LTV and rebuy rates). The goal is compounding, not dependency.
There are 2 ways to acquire supply and demand in the early days: do things that don’t scale (hands-on supply curation, concierge onboarding, localized seeding) and build scalable systems (self-serve onboarding, programmatic SEO, performance marketing). I typically start manual to ensure quality and learning speed, then translate those learnings into self-serve flows and automation.
What’s unique about building a marketplace is knowing when to shift focus between sides. I bias toward building great, retained supply first in narrow slices—one city, one category, one use case—then I layer demand once time-to-transaction is reliably short and fulfillment quality is high. As density rises, I rebalance: unlock more demand when supply is underutilized; throttle acquisition or expand geography/category when suppliers are at capacity.
Hiring is another inflection point. Early on, I want scrappy generalists who can own a slice of the funnel end-to-end—supply ops, trust & safety, and growth-minded product managers. As we scale, I formalize teams around supply acquisition, supply success, demand growth, matching/relevance, and marketplace quality, with strong data science embedded throughout.
Finding sticky customers depends on frequency and habit formation. In high-frequency categories, I relentlessly remove friction and drive reactivation. In low-frequency categories, I stay top of mind with utility features, content, and lifecycle nudges—because even “the best low-frequency marketplace” wins by owning the moments that matter before, during, and after the transaction.
Category strategy requires patience. I generally prefer single-category focus until I’ve achieved strong liquidity and repeatability, then I consider adjacent expansion. I ask: does expansion improve marketplace health for existing users, or does it dilute density? “Single versus multi-category marketplaces” and “When to expand” aren’t philosophical questions; they’re math about liquidity, cross-sell, and operational complexity.
Competitive strategy is instructive. “Uber versus Lyft” demonstrates how operational scale, category breadth, and geographic density compound advantages. “What Grubhub should’ve done” underscores the cost of missing durable loops and quality control. I also challenge provocative claims like “No value in car-sharing” by modeling unit economics, asset utilization, and multi-tenant demand patterns—use the data to decide what to believe.
Looking ahead, I’m excited about “Emerging marketplaces in 2024,” especially vertical B2B, services with verified credentials, and embedded marketplaces inside workflow tools. As I scale any marketplace, I continually focus on “Improving supply and demand over time,” tightening SLAs, raising fulfillment quality, and reducing time-to-liquidity. I keep a running list of “Avoid these marketplace mistakes,” from subsidizing both sides for too long to expanding before density, and I revisit “One thing all marketplace founders should know”: compound advantages come from loops, not hacks.
For inspiration and pattern-matching, I regularly study leaders in the space. Referenced: Airbnb: https://airbnb.com/
Bill Gurley: https://www.linkedin.com/in/billgurley/
Blue Apron: https://www.blueapron.com/
Booking.com: https://www.booking.com/
DoorDash: https://www.doordash.com/
eBay: https://ebay.com/
Eventbrite: https://www.eventbrite.com/
Expedia: https://www.expedia.com/
Faire: https://www.faire.com/
Fermat Commerce: https://www.fermatcommerce.com/
Grubhub: https://www.grubhub.com/
Lyft: https://www.lyft.com/
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/
Postmates: https://postmates.com/
Shopify: https://www.shopify.com/
Simon Rothman: https://www.linkedin.com/in/simonrothman/
Square: https://squareup.com/
Tony Xu: https://www.linkedin.com/in/xutony/
Turo: https://turo.com/
Uber: https://www.uber.com/
Zillow: https://www.zillow.com/
If you’re building a marketplace right now, pressure-test your model against these principles: define your atomic unit, get to liquidity fast, treat supply as the product, design growth loops that compound, and sequence expansion only after you’ve earned dense, repeatable usage. Do this well and you won’t just grow—you’ll build a marketplace with defensible moats and real staying power.

October 20, 2025
Developing Technical Taste: My Playbook for Next‑Gen Engineers, AI Strategy, and 2024 Scaling

When I think about the next generation of engineers and product creators, one capability consistently separates the great from the good: technical taste. It’s the intuition to choose the simplest viable path, the humility to iterate, and the courage to ask “what if” before everyone else. In this piece, I share how I frame technical taste, what it means for AI strategy, and how to scale software teams in 2024 without losing speed or product-market fit.

Sam Schillace is the CVP and Deputy CTO at Microsoft. Before Microsoft, Sam held prominent engineering roles at Google and Box. He has also founded six startups, including Writely, which was acquired by Google and became Google Docs.

In this deep dive, I explore themes like “Sam’s advice for future engineers,” “What’s next for AI,” “How to develop technical taste,” “The importance of asking ‘what if’ questions,” “Lessons on market timing,” and “Scaling a software company in 2024.” My lens is product management leadership at scale, with a bias toward clear decision-making, rapid learning, and compounding leverage.

On market timing, my experience echoes the principle that momentum compounds only after you align product insight with the market’s inflection point. “The Innovator’s Dilemma” reminds us that the very systems designed to protect current value can block new value. The smartest move I’ve seen is to treat disruptive bets like venture portfolios inside the company—small, time-boxed, outcome-driven, and shielded from legacy KPIs. That’s how you preserve execution excellence while creating space for the next S-curve.

Technical taste is developable. I look for three signals: first, engineers who reduce a problem to its essence and deliver a working slice quickly; second, product creators who anchor on outcomes vs output OKRs; third, teams who habitually ask “what if” questions to surface non-obvious constraints and new leverage. When this mindset meets strong product discovery, you get faster cycles, fewer dead ends, and clearer product-market fit lessons.

“Building Google Docs” is a case study in choosing the web as the platform before it was fashionable—an act of taste under uncertainty. It’s also a reminder that what looks inevitable in hindsight was controversial in real time. Discussions about “The decline of Google apps” are less about any one company and more about the drift that occurs when focus fragments; taste is how you steer back to the core job-to-be-done.

On “The Innovator’s Dilemma facing Microsoft” and “The differences between Google and Microsoft,” I’ve seen how culture shapes product motion. One optimizes for experimentation at massive consumer scale; the other, for enterprise trust and durability. The playbook to reconcile both: define two operating modes—explore and exploit—and make the seams explicit. Use forward deployed engineers to learn with customers, while platform teams industrialize the wins.

“How to build a winning product” in 2024 is straightforward to say and hard to do: shorten the distance between insight and impact. I prioritize gen AI for product prototyping to test feasibility early, pair it with real-user loops from day one, and instrument everything to learn faster than competitors. Ruthlessly prune scope to ship a lovable slice, then iterate. That’s how you scale software in 2024 without bloating teams or code.

On “Becoming an optimist,” I’ve learned optimism is a practice: assume better solutions exist, then run experiments to find them. “What makes a great engineer” and “One thing the best engineers do” often collapse into the same behavior—holding high standards while moving fast. The best engineers I know ask precise “what if” questions, surface edge cases early, and translate ambiguity into a plan the team can execute.

“Sam’s prediction about AI,” “Capturing the value of AI,” and “How you should think about AI” all converge on a few product truths. Co-pilots and agents will become table stakes; differentiation will come from domain-specific data, workflow depth, and trust. Value accrues where AI is closest to the decision or outcome—embedded in the flow of work, not bolted on. For customer support AI strategy, the win isn’t a clever bot; it’s reducing time-to-resolution with explainability, guardrails, and continuous learning from real tickets.

“Microsoft’s new leverage,” “Scaling software in 2024,” and “The future of AI across several sectors” point to a broader shift: platforms that combine distribution, identity, and compliance will set the rules of engagement. But even in that world, local excellence matters—tight loops with customers, forward deployed engineers, and outcome-centric roadmaps will out-execute feature factories. The teams that treat gen AI as a capability—not a feature—will capture durable advantage.

Referenced:

Amazon: https://amazon.com

Box: https://www.box.com/

Elon Musk: https://twitter.com/elonmusk

Google Docs: https://docs.google.com

Itzhak Perlman: https://itzhakperlman.com/

Microsoft: https://www.microsoft.com

Netflix: https://www.netflix.com

Tesla: https://www.tesla.com/

The Innovator’s Dilemma: https://www.amazon.com.au/Innovators-Dilemma-Clayton-M-Christensen/dp/0062060244

TurboTax: https://turbotax.intuit.com/

Uber: https://www.uber.com/

Walmart: https://www.walmart.com/

Workday: https://www.workday.com/

Writely: https://techcrunch.com/2005/08/31/writely-process-words-with-your-browser/

Where to find Sam Schillace:

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/schillace/

Newsletter: https://sundaylettersfromsam.substack.com/

Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/sschillace

Timestamps:

(00:00) Introduction

(02:54) Lessons on market timing

(07:30) Developing technical taste

(09:51) Asking “what if” questions

(14:03) Building Google Docs

(19:32) The decline of Google apps

(20:57) The Innovator’s Dilemma facing Microsoft

(22:53) The differences between Google and Microsoft

(24:42) How to build a winning product

(27:46) Becoming an optimist

(29:12) Why engineering teams aren’t smaller

(32:00) Sam’s prediction about AI

(34:11) Capturing the value of AI

(37:43) How you should think about AI

(45:33) Advice for future engineers

(48:18) What makes a great engineer

(49:45) One thing the best engineers do

(51:37) Microsoft’s new leverage

(56:01) Scaling software in 2024

(59:50) The future of AI across several sectors

(64:28) What Sam and a violinist have in common

October 20, 2025
Inside Stripe, OpenAI, Retool: Hard‑Won Marketing Lessons on Brand, GTM, and Scale

I spend a lot of time studying how the best product-led companies translate world-class product thinking into durable marketing systems. When I zoom out on OpenAI, Stripe, and Retool, I see a repeatable pattern: deep customer empathy, a narrative grounded in real product value, and an operational cadence that scales taste without diluting quality. In this piece, I share what’s worked for me as a product leader, and how I apply these lessons to build brand, accelerate go-to-market, and make smart resource allocation decisions.

Here’s the roadmap for this deep dive: Marketing lessons from OpenAI, Stripe, and Retool. The 3 pillars of Stripe’s approach to brand. How to manage resource allocation as a marketer. Adapting marketing strategy to different business models. Advice for early marketing hires. I’ll keep the phrases and names intact where they are factual, and I’ll add my own practical commentary on how I use these ideas day to day.

The 3 pillars of Stripe’s approach to brand is a useful way to think about brand systems in any technical company. Even without enumerating those pillars here, the underlying method is what matters: codify the few non-negotiables (the taste bar, the voice, the promise), make them visible to everyone, and hold the line in reviews. In my teams, we operationalize this by creating a short brand playbook that fits on a single page, pairing it with exemplar assets, and requiring every new program to declare how it advances at least one pillar. Clarity beats cleverness when you’re scaling.

How to manage resource allocation as a marketer is a perennial challenge as products and teams grow. I’ve had success with a 70/20/10 model: 70% on proven programs with measurable ROI, 20% on emerging bets with leading indicators (pipeline quality, engagement from priority personas), and 10% on frontier ideas that can reset the curve. We anchor work to outcomes vs output OKRs—pipeline, activation, time-to-value, product-qualified leads—so we’re funding results, not activity. As context changes (new ICP, pricing shifts, platform launches), we rebalance quarterly rather than set-and-forget.

As Stripe scaled taste, it demonstrated that high standards don’t have to mean bottlenecks. Rigorous reviews can empower teams when the criteria are explicit and teachable. Were Stripe reviews micromanaging? The lesson I apply: reviews should audit for narrative clarity, customer truth, and craft—not rewrite. We front-load narrative memos and storyboards, use pre-reads to keep live reviews crisp, and separate “taste feedback” from “blocking defects” to keep velocity high without compromising quality.

Marketing under founders with strong marketing skills can be a superpower if you channel it. My playbook: align on the narrative spine early, invite dissent in draft form (not in launch week), and turn founder intuition into reusable artifacts—positioning docs, messaging matrices, and reference stories. The goal is to scale judgment across the org, not centralize it.

Marketing at Retool vs Stripe and Marketing horizontal vs vertical products both highlight an important reality: default motions differ by product architecture and buyer psychology. For horizontal tools, the challenge is framing—teach the problem space, lead with canonical use cases, and invest in education (docs, templates, workshops) that unlock fast time-to-first-value. For vertical solutions, prioritize outcomes, credibility, and proof: ROI narratives, customer stories with industry-specific metrics, and targeted channel plays that map to where those buyers actually spend attention.

Marketing to mid-market vs SMB vs enterprise requires instrumentation and patience tuned to each segment. For SMB, focus on self-serve journeys, clear pricing, and conversion velocity; for mid-market, emphasize solution fit, workflow integration, and multi-threaded nurture; for enterprise, lead with trust, compliance, partner ecosystem, and value engineering. I set segment-specific “north-star” outcomes (e.g., self-serve activation rate, opportunity-to-close rate, average deal cycle) and build program portfolios around those.

Marketing programs that had an outsized impact often share a few traits: they’re product-adjacent, community-forward, and inherently educational. Two great examples from Stripe that I keep in my mental model are Stripe’s “Capture the Flag” campaign and Stripe Press—both programs build brand by creating genuine value for developers and builders instead of pushing features. They demonstrate how product-led marketing can compound over years.

Lessons from OpenAI remind me that speed, clarity, and responsibility can coexist. The best teams tell a simple, credible story about how the tech helps people do meaningful work—then prove it in product. Inside OpenAI’s recent website relaunch, the big takeaways for me were reduction and focus: fewer pages, tighter flows, and a narrative that meets users where they are (from curious newcomers to advanced builders). That same discipline improves any product site: prioritize the jobs-to-be-done, reduce cognitive load, and surface the shortest path to value.

How OpenAI’s marketers use OpenAI tooling is a model I bring into my teams daily. We use generative AI for content prototyping (outlines, angle exploration, voice calibration), for product discovery (summarizing interviews, clustering themes), and for campaign iteration (subject line tests, message variants, landing page microcopy). The bar is still human editorial judgment; AI accelerates the draft, we own the craft. Outside examples—like the Coca-Cola AI-generated wish card campaign—show how brand and AI can partner when creativity, data, and distribution align.

Advice for early marketing hires is straightforward and hard-won. Be a product creator at heart: learn the product, sit with support, talk to customers weekly. Start with the shortest loops that drive real outcomes—docs that unlock activation, case studies that remove friction, templates that accelerate time-to-value. Build measurement into everything, but don’t let dashboards paralyze momentum. Above all, write clearly; strong writing is the highest-leverage GTM skill and a forcing function for clear thinking.

When to start hiring marketers depends on signal. I look for repeatable demand patterns (consistent activation sources, emerging PQL signals), evidence of product-market fit lessons (clear ICP, pain–solution fit), and content debt (PMs and engineers over-producing GTM artifacts). For the first hire, I screen for full-stack utility, narrative instincts, and cross-functional leadership. How to screen early marketing hires: working sessions on positioning, a live critique of a landing page, and a writing exercise that reveals judgment under constraints.

If you’re orchestrating a website relaunch, a segment shift, or a new product line, the throughline from these companies is simple: set a high taste bar, operationalize it with lightweight systems, and make the customer’s job-to-be-done the hero. Pair that with disciplined resource allocation, and you’ll earn brand, pipeline, and loyalty the hard way—by delivering real value.

Referenced:

Coca-Cola AI-generated wish card campaign: https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/coca-cola-ignites-diwali-celebrations-with-unique-personalized-ai-generated-wish-cards/1840093/

Cristina Cordova: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cristinajcordova/

Gong: https://www.gong.io/

Greg Brockman: https://www.linkedin.com/in/thegdb/

Kenzo Fong: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kenzofong/

Retool: https://retool.com/

Stripe’s “Capture the Flag” campaign: https://techcrunch.com/2012/08/22/stripes-capture-the-flag-2-0-a-hands-on-contest-for-app-developers-to-test-their-security-know-how/

Stripe Press: https://press.stripe.com/

Stripe Sigma: https://stripe.com/us/sigma

Tanya Khakbaz: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tanya-khakbaz-a725732/

October 20, 2025
Inside Intercom’s Bold Reboot: Lessons in AI Strategy, Ruthless Focus, and Culture

I’ve been reflecting on a remarkable comeback story that offers sharp lessons for product leaders navigating AI disruption. Eoghan McCabe is the CEO and cofounder at Intercom, an AI customer service platform. Intercom has raised over $240M, and was last valued at $1.3B in 2018. After spending 9 years building the company, Eoghan left Intercom in 2020, but he’s since returned, reshaping Intercom and pioneering its pivot to an AI-first service. That arc—departure, return, and reinvention—captures a founder’s willingness to defy orthodoxy and act from first principles.

What stood out to me most was the unapologetic embrace of intuition. In high-variance environments like AI and customer support, best practices lag reality. Founder intuition vs. standard practice isn’t a cliché here; it’s a capability. I’ve seen teams overfit to playbooks and underweight the signals that matter—customer truth, product discovery signals, and outcomes vs output OKRs that force clarity on what actually moves the needle.

McCabe’s reflections since leaving Intercom highlight the value of distance. Stepping away often exposes where complexity crept in and where focus was lost. On return, the immediate moves were decisive: refocus the strategy, simplify priorities, and set a higher bar for cadence and quality. Those changes were anchored by first-principles thinking and a willingness to question everything, including sacred cows.

The productivity step-change is telling. How Eoghan increased Intercom’s productivity by 41% wasn’t magic—it was management. In my experience, that kind of shift comes from ruthless prioritization, removing low-leverage work, and consolidating teams around fewer, outcome-aligned bets. Tactically, think tighter operating rhythms, clearer decision rights, and forward deployed engineers who sit closer to customers to collapse feedback loops—especially critical in gen ai and customer support AI strategy.

Strategy-wise, the pivot to AI-first wasn’t about feature-chasing; it was about category leadership. AI and category disruption demand conviction. Why you can’t make small improvements in big categories is simple: customers reward step changes in outcomes, not incrementalism. In customer service, that means rethinking workflows end-to-end, not just sprinkling gen ai for product prototyping on top of legacy processes.

Hiring was another area where the guidance was crisp. Tactical advice on hiring top talent included raising the bar on slope (rate of learning) and ownership, biasing for product creators who thrive in ambiguity, and building an executive team that can scale the operating model, not just the org chart. I’ve found this is where product management leadership shows up most clearly—pushing beyond conventional resumes to find people who can compound execution and insight.

Culture carried equal weight. Crafting a culture of ruthless honesty and transparency isn’t about being abrasive; it’s about creating a system where truth travels fast. In practice, that looks like instrumented business reviews tied to outcomes, written decision memos that capture tradeoffs, and a shared language for escalation. It’s uncomfortable at first, then liberating—because it accelerates learning.

Brand came in for a reality check, too. Why software branding is in crisis resonates in an era where many products sound the same, look the same, and promise the same. The antidote is clarity: a point-of-view that’s inseparable from the product experience. How Intercom thinks about brand appears to lean into differentiated behavior—speed, quality, outcomes—rather than slogans. In crowded categories, that’s what earns attention and trust.

Under the hood, this story is a masterclass in product-market fit lessons. It reaffirms that PMF isn’t a one-time event; it’s a moving target, especially when technology paradigms shift. The companies that navigate the shift are those that re-baseline their bets, measure what matters, and ship faster with higher standards. That’s the compounding loop I try to build: focused strategy, outcome-centric execution, and continuous product discovery.

If you’re steering an AI transformation, a few prompts I use: Are we solving for an outcome that customers will feel in minutes, not months? Where are we making bold, non-incremental bets? Which processes can we kill to regain tempo? And do our leaders model transparency in a way that accelerates truth-telling across the org?

For further context and inspiration, here are some of the references mentioned: 37signals: https://37signals.com, Basecamp: https://basecamp.com, Brian Halligan (HubSpot): https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianhalligan, David Heinemeier Hansson (37signals, Basecamp): https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-heinemeier-hansson-374b18221, Intercom: https://www.intercom.com, Jason Fried (37signals, Basecamp): https://www.linkedin.com/in/jason-fried, Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com, Marc Benioff (Salesforce): https://www.linkedin.com/in/marcbenioff, Zendesk: https://www.zendesk.com.

If you want to follow Eoghan directly: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eoghanmccabe/ and Twitter/X: https://x.com/eoghan. I find it valuable to track leaders who are actively rewriting the playbook in real time.

October 20, 2025
How I Find—and Keep—Product-Market Fit: Lessons on Conviction, Distribution, and Mergers

Product-market fit isn’t a finish line; it’s a dynamic state that needs to be earned repeatedly. In my work leading product strategy, I’ve learned that the most resilient companies combine ruthless intellectual honesty with repeatable discovery habits, movement-first distribution, and a bias toward decisive action when markets shift under their feet.

One case study I return to often: Bob Moore is the co-founder and CEO at Crossbeam, a “LinkedIn for data” platform that helps companies find overlapping opportunities with their partners. Crossbeam has raised US$117M to date and recently acquired Reveal in 2024. Bob previously cofounded RJMetrics (now part of Adobe Commerce Cloud) and Stitch Data (acquired by Talend). He is also the author of Ecosystem-Led Growth. The arc of these companies offers a clear lens into finding founder-market fit, falling in and out of product-market fit, and rebuilding with conviction.

When I evaluate ideas, I start with founder-market fit and falsification. I look for a lived pain, an unusual insight, and unfair access—then I try to disprove my thesis fast. I’ll line up dozens of target users and adjacent stakeholders, pressure-test the problem, and map evidence to The 4 Levels of PMF. The goal isn’t to “win” early interviews; it’s to surface the constraint that will eventually break the model: data availability, switching costs, procurement friction, or a distribution bottleneck.

Market shifts can invalidate a great product overnight. The analytics stack reconfiguration around Amazon Redshift is a perfect reminder that timing, platform shifts, and ecosystem dependencies will bend your trajectory. I actively maintain a “watchlist” of platform moves (cloud data platforms, changes in ad networks, privacy policy shifts, AI infrastructure) and connect them to my product’s core assumptions. If a new platform absorbs the value we created, I’d rather be first to cannibalize our own roadmap than last to react.

On distribution, I engineer sharing, reciprocity, and compounding usage directly into the product. That means designing collaboration surfaces, data assets, or partner workflows that make every new customer a new channel. Crossbeam’s model highlights how overlap mapping and partner ecosystems can turn integration nodes into growth nodes—an ethos that aligns with Ecosystem-Led Growth. Internally, I complement this with proactive outbound motions and the “joint jam” sales tactic: co-creating a live, high-signal artifact with the prospect that proves value with their data, not my slides.

Falling out of PMF is a feature of reality, not a failure of leadership—provided you move with clarity. The RJMetrics journey illustrates how you can find market fit, then lose it as the stack modernizes. My safeguard is a portfolio of leading indicators: retention by job-to-be-done, time-to-first-value, expansion drivers, sales-assist ratio, and the support “tax” on core workflows. When those turn, I default to intellectual honesty: narrow the ICP, rebuild the wedge, or sunset the thing that’s stealing oxygen from the core.

Building with conviction versus consensus is a critical cultural muscle. Consensus can smooth relationships, but it often averages out the insight. I anchor decisions in clear principles, write tight pre-mortems, and set owner-driven DRIs. We invite dissent early (red-team reviews, structured decision docs), then “disagree and commit” with a time-boxed checkpoint tied to specific, falsifiable milestones. This lets us move fast without romanticizing our own ideas.

Creating scalable and durable startups requires architecture, not just ambition. I push for composability across data models, feature flags for safe exploration, and an experimentation fabric that lets us test distribution hypotheses at low cost. We sequence multi-product bets only when we see strong, repeated pull from the market—ideally where network effects are latent. Unlocking network effects in software isn’t magic; it’s the disciplined design of interactions where each participant makes the system more valuable for the next.

Mergers are another lever for durability when executed with rigor. The Crossbeam/Reveal merger is a timely example of using consolidation to reduce fragmentation, standardize workflows, and accelerate network effects. Getting mergers right starts with strategic fit and cultural compatibility, but the real game is integration: aligning product architectures, pricing, packaging, and go-to-market motion within a 100-day plan that customers can feel in the product, not just read in a press release.

If you’re pressure-testing your own path to product-market fit, here’s what I’ve found most reliable: obsess over founder-market fit first, use The 4 Levels of PMF to calibrate evidence, design distribution into the product from day one, watch platform shifts like a hawk, and choose conviction over consensus—with mechanisms that keep you honest. Do that consistently, and you won’t just find PMF—you’ll keep it.

October 20, 2025
Mastering Altitude Shifts: Hard‑Won Product Leadership Lessons from Anneka Gupta’s Journey

I’m endlessly fascinated by leaders who can operate at every altitude—zooming out on strategy one minute and diving into the weeds the next. That’s why Anneka Gupta’s journey resonated so strongly with me, because it crystallizes how multi-disciplinary leadership accelerates product outcomes and go-to-market execution.

Anneka Gupta is the Chief Product Officer at Rubrik, a cloud management and data security company with a US$6B market cap. Before Rubrik, Anneka spent 11 years leading various teams at LiveRamp, including product, go-to-market, and operations.

One proof point that leapt off the page for me: LiveRamp went from $30M to $200M ARR in 3 years. That kind of growth rarely comes from product alone—it’s the compounding effect of crisp customer segmentation, tight GTM alignment, and a culture that prioritizes outcomes over output. In my own teams, anchoring OKRs to business outcomes rather than feature counts has been the most reliable way to unlock this momentum.

What I admire most is Anneka’s jack-of-all-trades career. Rotating through product, operations, and GTM builds a powerful intuition for how systems interact. I’ve seen the same benefit at scale: PMs who have shipped, sold, and supported the product make sharper tradeoffs because they integrate customer value, revenue mechanics, and operational feasibility in real time.

There’s a counterintuitive hiring lesson here too—why specialist hires can backfire. When the product or market is still evolving, over-optimized specialists often struggle without mature processes and stable interfaces. Early on, I bias toward adaptable builders who can define the playbook, not just run it. Specialists shine once the motion is proven and repeatable.

Altitude control matters. Knowing when leaders should get in the weeds is a differentiator. I’ve found three triggers: existential risk (security, reliability, or reputation), pivotal zero-to-one bets, and repeated cross-functional misalignment. Step in, diagnose at the system level, model the behavior you expect, and then step back out quickly so the team retains ownership.

There’s also one area every PM can improve in: customer-facing fluency. I agree with the principle that PMs should undergo the same training as sales reps. Shadow discovery calls, rehearse objection handling, and learn to speak to value drivers by persona. When PMs can authentically sell the problem and the solution narrative, product discovery gets faster and win rates improve.

Crafting products for different personas is another thread I pull on constantly. Buyers care about ROI, risk, and roadmap; users care about speed, clarity, and control. Great product discovery bridges the two by validating problem severity and adoption friction in parallel. That’s how you avoid building “the best product” that still loses because the buying committee can’t align on value.

I’m also struck by how deftly LiveRamp navigated enterprise shifts like transitioning Acxiom’s customers to LiveRamp and the broader dynamics of why Acxiom chose to buy not build. These moves demand rigorous change management—backwards compatibility, data governance guarantees, and clear migration value propositions. When the incentives align for customers and field teams, integrations become accelerants rather than tax.

Rubrik’s approach to building product underscores the same fundamentals: focus on critical customer outcomes, connect roadmap to go-to-market reality, and measure what matters. In practice, that means linking product bets to explicit revenue or retention hypotheses and setting guardrails so teams can run fast without creating long-term complexity debt.

I also appreciate the humility in reflecting on mistakes and the outsized impact of mentors and peers. The best leaders I’ve worked with narrate their decision-making—what they knew, what they assumed, and what they’d do differently—which compounds organizational learning. It’s the difference between isolated wins and a repeatable operating system.

If I distill my own playbook from these themes, it looks like this: hire for adaptability early, specialize later; anchor to outcomes vs output to avoid local maxima; keep PMs close to the sales and support edges of the system; and practice altitude shifting as a daily discipline. The result is a product organization that learns faster than the market changes—arguably the only durable advantage.

October 20, 2025