Tag: board management

  • Figma’s Executive Scaling Playbook for IPO Readiness

    Figma’s Executive Scaling Playbook for IPO Readiness

    If your company may pursue an IPO, the tempting move is to wait until the filing window is visible, then recruit executives who have done it before. That sequence solves for credentials. It does not necessarily build the decision system the business will need.

    Figma took a different path. An operator who joined when the company had about 30 people and was not yet charging for its product grew into the CFO role, while the company adopted public-company habits years before its 2025 IPO. The useful lesson for you is not simply to promote insiders. It is to develop executive judgment, operating cadence, and economic instrumentation as one connected system.

    Key takeaways: the playbook on one page

    • Expand a leader’s decision scope before expanding the title. Look for progression from doing the work, to framing the questions, to allocating resources, to improving decisions across the company.
    • Install public-company behaviors before the transaction demands them. Figma began operating this way three years before its IPO, using quarterly rhythms, tighter controls, a close that could withstand scrutiny, and a coherent forward-looking narrative.
    • Treat product, finance, and go-to-market as joint owners of the economic model. They need the same driver tree, definitions, telemetry, and assumptions before they debate pricing or investment.
    • Manage AI investment as a portfolio of explicit bets. Usage, customer value, cost-to-serve, decision triggers, and risks should be visible even when the underlying economics are changing quickly.
    • Use leadership transitions to redraw decision rights. Replacing a departing executive without reconsidering the operating model preserves yesterday’s bottlenecks.

    Scale executive judgment before you scale titles

    Praveer Melwani joined Figma in 2017 as its first business operations and finance hire. The company was still around 30 people and had not begun charging for the product. He became CFO in 2022 and helped lead the company through its IPO in 2025.

    The important pattern is the sequence of work. Early responsibilities included building driver trees, challenging go-to-market assumptions, and establishing the mechanics of board management. Later responsibilities moved toward defining the questions the company needed to answer, directing capital, and shaping the operating cadence. The role grew because the decisions grew.

    You can use that sequence as an executive-readiness ladder. It is more informative than tenure or the seniority of a candidate’s last title.

    Executive modeWork that demonstrates readinessFailure signal to watch
    OperatorBuilds the model, tests assumptions, and makes the basic process reliable.Produces accurate work but cannot explain which decision it should change.
    Question-setterIdentifies the uncertainty that matters, frames options, and defines success.Waits for the founder or another executive to determine what deserves attention.
    AllocatorConnects product evidence, financial constraints, and strategic upside to resource choices.Treats the budget as a fixed entitlement rather than a set of revisable bets.
    System leaderImproves the cadence, decision rights, narrative, and judgment of the wider team.Remains the indispensable reviewer for every important decision.

    Do not promote someone merely because they are excellent in the first row. Give them work from the next row and observe what happens. Ask a strong operator to frame an ambiguous company problem, recommend where resources should move, document the trade-offs, and run the decision through the relevant functions. You are testing whether the person can create clarity beyond the boundaries of the original role.

    I use a similar first-principles test when evaluating a prospective VP, especially in a function the founder does not know deeply:

    • Can the candidate map how the business creates and captures value?
    • Can they define success metrics and show where those metrics could mislead the team?
    • Can they explain a meaningful trade-off in plain language?
    • Can they describe the team and decision system they would build, rather than only the work they would personally perform?
    • Can they teach the executive team something useful in 30 minutes?

    Run this test on your actual business context, not a generic case interview. A candidate who asks sharper questions, exposes a hidden assumption, and improves the decision has demonstrated more than someone who recites the standard playbook from a previous employer. Prior experience still matters, but learning velocity and expanding scope deserve more weight than familiarity alone.

    Make IPO readiness a company cadence, not a finance workstream

    Figma began behaving like a public company three years before its IPO. That is not a universal countdown for every company. The more important point is the order of operations: the habits came before the event that would test them.

    Late preparation forces teams to create controls, reconcile definitions, improve forecasting, and construct a credible narrative while the stakes are already high. Early preparation turns the same work into ordinary management. It also reveals weak ownership and unreliable data while the company still has room to correct them.

    • Quarterly operating rhythm: Review changes in the business drivers, the assumptions behind the forecast, the resulting resource choices, and the risks that could alter the plan. A performance presentation without a decision is reporting, not an operating review.
    • Close and controls: Make ownership, evidence, access, and material judgments explicit. The goal is not bureaucracy for its own sake. It is to produce numbers that leaders can use without reopening the entire chain of custody every time.
    • Forward-looking narrative: Connect past performance to the decisions now being made. Explain what changed, why management believes it changed, what will be done next, and what evidence would invalidate that view.
    • Decision record: Preserve the assumptions, alternatives, owner, and follow-up trigger behind a material choice. This prevents the company from rewriting the reasoning after the outcome is known.

    This discipline can accelerate decisions because product, finance, and go-to-market stop renegotiating the basic facts in every meeting. Product brings evidence about behavior and roadmap alternatives. Finance brings the model, sensitivities, and constraints. Go-to-market brings customer context, commercial implications, and execution dependencies. The executive owner makes the cross-company choice and records what would cause it to change.

    A useful quarterly decision packet should answer the following questions:

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  • Inside the Most Politically Dangerous C‑Suite Role: Hard Truths on Culture, Layoffs, and Leadership

    Inside the Most Politically Dangerous C‑Suite Role: Hard Truths on Culture, Layoffs, and Leadership

    I’ve long believed the people function is a strategic engine, not a support lane. That conviction was only reinforced in a recent deep dive with Katie Burke, now COO at Harvey after joining as Chief People Officer. Before Harvey, she spent 11 years in HR leadership at HubSpot, helping build one of tech’s most distinctive cultures. In this piece, I unpack what resonated most for me as a product leader: a marketing-minded approach to HR, deliberate hiring from hospitality, and the non-negotiable case for culture as a core business strategy.

    The first principle is simple and often overlooked: HR leaders should think like marketers. Employer brand is a product; your candidate and employee journeys are funnels; and your programs deserve the same rigor we bring to product—segmentation, positioning, channels, and continuous A/B testing. When we treat onboarding, performance, and manager enablement like iterative product launches—complete with activation metrics, retention curves, and NPS—we stop guessing and start compounding results.

    One line has become a north star for how I approach executive leadership: “Don’t ask for a seat at the table. Build the table.” In practice, that means codifying the operating system—decision rights, principles, cadences, and accountability—so the organization isn’t improvising strategy in every meeting. Product, People, and Finance should co-own this OS; that’s how you scale clarity faster than headcount.

    Transparency is the tax we pay for alignment, and it compounds trust. After an IPO, the impulse can be to close ranks. The better move is radical transparency with context: what changed, why it matters, and how decisions get made now. On my teams, that looks like publishing decision records, sharing tradeoffs explicitly, and using written docs to reduce rumor velocity—core muscles in stakeholder management as complexity grows.

    I also loved the counterintuitive hiring bet: prioritize hospitality backgrounds alongside traditional corporate pedigrees. People who’ve thrived in service environments bring customer empathy, operational resilience, and a bias for proactive care—traits that elevate everything from onboarding to incident response. In product terms, they’re culturally accretive hires with high signal on service quality and consistency.

    The trickiest part of the Chief People Officer role isn’t process—it’s politics. You are the executive team’s own HR business partner, which requires coaching, candor, and conflict mediation at the highest stakes. The goal is to “Be the Michael Jordan of your exec team”—the teammate who elevates standards, makes others better, and chooses the hard right over the easy familiar.

    Layoffs create a culture debt that accrues interest. Expect a “2.5-year cultural hangover after a layoff”—in many companies, an inevitable two-year layoff hangover—unless you actively repay it. That repayment plan includes narrating the why with specificity, rebuilding trust through manager enablement, and re-anchoring on performance and values. Measure leading indicators (manager effectiveness, time-to-decision, psychological safety) alongside lagging ones (regretted attrition) to track the true recovery arc.

    People leaders also need to create “graceful exits.” Doing this well preserves dignity for the person, protects the team’s morale, and safeguards the company’s brand. The bar is straightforward: clear rationale, fair process, useful feedback, generous support, and alumni pathways. A graceful exit signals that even when business realities bite, respect is non-negotiable.

    Expectation-setting matters. Two truths cut through the noise: “The workplace shouldn’t be Disneyland” and “Our job is not to make you happy every day.” The promise is not perpetual happiness; it’s meaningful work, fair standards, growth opportunities, and leaders who tell the truth. When we set that contract clearly, engagement becomes an outcome of purpose and progress—not perks.

    On feedback, I use the protein vs. sugar rule for employee feedback. Sugar feedback is pleasant and perishable; protein feedback is specific, sometimes uncomfortable, and growth-driving. Great cultures build a taste for protein—clear role expectations, crisp examples, and written follow-ups. Mechanically, that looks like structured 1:1s, decision retros, skip-levels, and manager training that demystifies “what good looks like.”

    Being a Chief People Officer isn’t for the faint of heart. The role must be demanding by design—on executive hiring quality, performance management courage, and values enforcement. Moments like “Berry-Gate” are reminders that small symbolic issues can balloon when feedback loops are unclear. Close the loop fast, publish the rationale, and ensure there’s a predictable path for concerns to be heard and resolved.

    When hiring, beware patterns that predict friction. That’s why “frequent flyers” are a new-hire red flag. Movement can signal adaptability—but weather-vein pivots and blame-shifting often repeat. Probe for ownership, learning moments, and sustained impact; you want people who compound value, not just sample it.

    Clarity on scope prevents leadership whiplash. Which company decisions fall to the Chief People Officer? Think leveling frameworks, compensation philosophy and bands, performance calibration, manager standards, ER policies, and org design guardrails—always in lockstep with Finance and the CEO. Escalate when there are values collisions or systemic risks; otherwise, push decisions to the right altitude and owner.

    Scaling exposes the same few failure modes on repeat: fuzzy decision rights, a thin manager bench, brittle processes that don’t flex, and inconsistent leveling that erodes trust. The antidote is an operating model that pairs clear principles with lightweight mechanisms—documented roles, regular calibration, and reviews that audit for both outcomes and operating behaviors.

    Comparing a scaled SaaS like HubSpot with an AI-native company like Harvey surfaces important differences. The former optimizes for durable systems, predictable cadences, and governance; the latter optimizes for rapid learning loops, emergent org design, and a higher tolerance for ambiguity. The art is porting the right controls at the right time without crushing velocity.

    AI is already changing the people function. GenAI can draft job descriptions, summarize performance notes, classify themes from engagement surveys, and power AI workflows that resolve common HR tickets. The human-in-the-loop remains essential for judgment, context, and ethics—especially around data governance and privacy-by-design. A pragmatic AI Strategy here frees HRBPs for higher-order coaching and organizational development work.

    One practice I recommend widely: share your own performance reviews. Modeling openness normalizes growth and turns feedback into a shared craft, not a secret ritual. It also builds trust when you later ask the organization to lean into sharper, protein-rich feedback.

    Finally, disagreements with the CEO are inevitable—and healthy. Handle them with pre-briefs, crisp written proposals, explicit tradeoffs, and a shared decision record. Argue like scientists, not politicians; once a call is made, disagree and commit. That combination of candor and alignment is what keeps executive teams high-trust and high-velocity.

    The people leader’s chair may be the most politically dangerous role in the C-suite—but it’s also one of the most leveraged. Build the table, tell the truth, design for standards and dignity, and treat culture like the product that powers everything else.

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  • The Only 3 Dashboards Product Executives Actually Use to Drive Outcomes, Alignment, and Growth

    The Only 3 Dashboards Product Executives Actually Use to Drive Outcomes, Alignment, and Growth

    I’ve learned the hard way that more charts don’t equal more clarity. One challenge that comes with this is knowing what matters at the right level of leadership. Executives everywhere are busy, and they don’t need the nitty-gritty details to do their jobs well. When I’m operating at the VP level, I rely on just three dashboards that give me fast signal, reduce noise, and keep teams aligned to outcomes—not output.

    These dashboards sit on top of a unified analytics platform that connects product analytics (Amplitude analytics or Pendo), CRM and revenue data (e.g., HubSpot), billing, and support signals. Consistent definitions, data governance, and outcomes vs output OKRs ensure we’re making decisions with confidence, not gut feel. The goal is simple: a shared, executive-ready view that ties product strategy to business impact.

    Dashboard 1: Outcomes and Strategy Alignment. This is the north star view I use to orient the company. It highlights ARR, NRR, and GRR trends; progress against our outcomes vs output OKRs; our product-led growth funnel; and our primary value proposition metric (e.g., activation-to-time-to-value). I include a 12-month view with quarter-over-quarter deltas, a short written narrative, and the top three strategic bets we’re funding. In board management and QBRs vs OKRs discussions, this keeps focus on what we achieved, what moved, and what we’re changing next.

    Dashboard 2: Customer Value, Adoption, and Retention. This is where retention analysis meets product discovery. I track activation rate, time-to-value, feature adoption cohorts (from Amplitude analytics or Pendo), retention curves by segment, and expansion vs contraction signals. Leading indicators include NPS and CES alongside qualitative themes from support and sales. I also monitor funnel drop-offs and in-app guides or product tours performance to see where users get stuck. The intent is to connect behavior to revenue so we can prioritize changes that actually improve customer outcomes.

    Dashboard 3: Execution Health and Quality. This helps me assess whether our operating system is working. I look at delivery predictability against product roadmapping and sprint planning, cycle time and throughput, escaped defects, incident volume, and MTTR. I also review experiment velocity and A/B testing readiness (including minimum detectable effect) to ensure we’re learning at pace. Resource allocation across strategic initiatives and a clear risk register support proactive stakeholder management.

    I review these dashboards weekly with my product trios and monthly with cross-functional leaders, then synthesize a concise narrative for the executive team and the board. Each dashboard is a decision engine: it has an owner, a single source of truth, clear thresholds, and a list of next actions. By grounding conversations in the same views, we reduce back-and-forth and keep momentum high.

    A few implementation rules have served me well: keep the signal dense and the visuals simple; lock metric definitions and ownership; avoid vanity metrics; and instrument privacy-by-design from the start. When data is trustworthy and the story is tight, teams focus on the right problems and progress compounds.

    If you find yourself wading through dozens of reports, try consolidating to these three executive dashboards. You’ll spend less time arguing about the data and more time driving product-led growth, accelerating alignment, and delivering customer value at scale.

    Inspired by this post on Pendo – Best Practices.

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  • How I Decode Founder Advice: Lessons from Thumbtack CEO Marco Zappacosta on Boards, Time, and Trust

    How I Decode Founder Advice: Lessons from Thumbtack CEO Marco Zappacosta on Boards, Time, and Trust

    I recently dug into a conversation with Marco Zappacosta, co-founder and CEO of Thumbtack, who has spent the last 13 years building the company into a billion-dollar business — and it’s his first and only job after graduating college. As someone who lives at the intersection of product management leadership and company-building, I was struck by how deliberately he navigates the deluge of advice that comes with being a first-time founder.

    What resonated most was the way he differentiates between moments that demand a return to first principles and those that benefit from a tested playbook. In my own practice, I’ve found that product strategy and organizational design often require first-principles thinking, while operational cadence and execution rituals tend to scale best with proven patterns. The key is recognizing which game you’re playing — invention versus optimization — and applying the right mental models to filter input without losing velocity.

    Marco’s approach to parsing counsel as a first-time CEO is refreshingly pragmatic. Rather than treating advice as binary, he triangulates from multiple data points, looks for invariants, and pressure-tests assumptions against the company’s unique context. I use a similar lens: anchor on the problem, map potential solutions to risk/return, and calibrate decisions with base rates where possible. It’s a disciplined way to turn a mountain of opinion into actionable signal — especially when stakes are high.

    He also connects this discipline to stakeholder management, particularly in how he runs Thumbtack’s board so quarterly meetings become a critical resource, not just a time suck — and why he shares the board deck with the entire company. I’ve found this level of transparency to be a force multiplier: it aligns teams on priorities, elevates product roadmapping and sprint planning, and empowers leaders to make trade-offs with clarity. When the narrative is shared, accountability scales.

    Marco candidly reflects on Thumbtack’s COVID-related layoff last year, and what he specifically did as CEO to ensure the folks who remained still had confidence in the company and his leadership moving forward. In hard moments like these, consistent communication, explicit prioritization, and a clear framework for decision-making matter more than ever. Trust is built by showing your work — why choices were made, what changes now, and how success will be measured.

    Finally, he opens up his playbook for choosing what to spend his time on as a busy CEO with only so many hours in the day — and perhaps more importantly, how he stays accountable for these priorities. I’ve learned to pair outcome-oriented OKRs with a ruthless weekly schedule audit: if the calendar doesn’t reflect the strategy, the strategy won’t happen. This discipline creates focus, accelerates learning loops, and keeps leaders from becoming the bottleneck.

    For builders at any growth stage, there’s a powerful takeaway here: cultivate a repeatable way to distill advice, clarify when to use first principles versus a playbook, operationalize board relationships as strategic assets, and turn time into your sharpest instrument. The result is a more resilient company — and a leadership practice that compounds.

    Inspired by this post on First Round.

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